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About subirrigation...


The subirrigation is a method of irrigation where water is delivered to the plant root zone.

The irrigation of the vineyard is an agronomic practice that can contribute to the qualitative improvement of production. The various aspects connected with the irrigation of the vineyard were treated by Dr. Salvatore Scicchitano of Irritec & Siplast, during the seminar "Italian technology in quality irrigation in viticulture", in collaboration with the University of Bologna in 2006.
The correct water management of the vineyard is based on the right water supply. Good agricultural practices must be adopted to avoid waste.
Sub-irrigation is perhaps the irrigation technique that allows to further rationalize the use of water resources. Because bringing the water directly to the rhizosphere requires very low volumes. Moreover this form of irrigation does not show losses due to evaporation or wind. Subirrigation also helps improve the efficiency of fertigation and reduce environmental impact. Sub-irrigation also reduces the development of wild herbs and the incidence of fungal diseases.

One of the disadvantages of sub-irrigated closed systems, such like Earth Boxes and sub-irrigated planters, is that soluble salts cannot be flushed into the lower soil profile and build up over time. Another problem is certainly due to the intrusion of small roots inside the dripping hole through, with consequent occlusion. But the latter problem has been solved by developing a polymeric "container and distributor" capable of guaranteeing a slow, controlled and continuous transfer of a herbicide. 

Among the various herbicides available, Trifluralin has been chosen because it is considered to be not very toxic and not systemic, it has a low solubility in water and it is sufficient for small quantities per hectare. The tests conducted by the ISPAVE of Rome have shown that traces of Trifluralin have not been detected in the fruits and in the leaves of tomatoes and courgettes used as a sample. The experiments also highlighted how the roots of the crops under test were never near the drippers, which they were perfectly free and efficient.
 

Under ideal ground conditions, the burial depth of the plants made is 30-40 centimeters; while in the extremely sandy or skeleton-rich soils the depth must be less. In the case of vineyards with a relatively narrow distance between rows it is possible to install the dripline at the center of the inter-row. The flow rate of the single drippers and their interdistance is stability, depending on the soil characteristics and of the water requirements of the crop.

Subirrigation is also used in commercial greenhouse production, usually for potted plants. Water is delivered from below, absorbed upwards, and the excess collected for recycling.